Linux에서 date 명령어 사용법
> 현재 시간
% date
Tue Jul 27 18:45:22 KST 2021
> STRING input과 원하는 output 얻는 방법
% date --date='2021-06-30T05:03:02Z' +"%M %D %h %C %Y %s"
03 06/30/21 Jun 20 2021 1625029382
> timestamp 값을 입력값으로 하기
% date --date='@2147483647'
Tue Jan 19 12:14:07 KST 2038
> help 예제(1)
% TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date
Mon Jul 26 23:59:28 PDT 2021
> help 예제(2)
% date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'
Sat Jul 31 01:00:00 KST 2021
> 잘못된 예제
% date --date='62' +"%s"
date: invalid date ‘62’
> timestamp 넣을 때 꼭 @ 넣을 것
% date --date='@62'
Thu Jan 1 09:01:02 KST 1970
> 62초는 1분 (나머지 초는 버려짐)
% date --date='@62' +%M
01
> 62초는 1분 이며 %s의 경우 동일하게 초가 표기됨
% date --date='@62' +"%M %s"
01 62
> 100초는 1분 (나머지 초는 버려짐)
% date --date='@100' +"%M %s"
01 100
> 59초는 0분 (나머지 초는 버려짐)
% date --date='@59' +"%M %s"
00 59
* 다양하게 input 과 output을 조절해 가면서 date 명령어를 사용해 볼 수 있습니다.
Bash Script 에서 date 사용 예제
- 파일에서 시간 정보 값을 읽어와 date로 시간 값을 계산이 가능한 형태로 변경하여 활용하는 부분
,,, 생략 ,,,
time1=0
time2=0
time2_s=0
count=1
while IFS= read -r line
do
# 파일에서 읽어온 값의 , 으로 구분된 6번째 인자는 2021-06-30T05:22:04Z 형태의 값!
time2=$(echo $line | cut -d"," -f 6)
# 읽어온 2021-06-30T05:22:04Z 값을 timestamp 형태로 변경해 time2_s에 저장
time2_s=`date --date=$time2 +"%s"`
# time1이 0보다 큰 경우에만 아래 명령어를 수행함. (맨 처음에만 수행 안함)
if [ "$time1" -gt "0" ]; then
# timestamp 값 차이를 timediff에 저장
let timediff=$time2_s-$time1
# timediff가 70초 보다 작으면
if [ "$timediff" -lt "70" ]; then
let count+=1 # count값 증가
else
count=1 #초기화
fi
fi
time1=$time2_s # 다음 값과 비교를 위해 time1에 저장해줌
fi
done < $csv_input # input 파일
,,, 생량 ,,,
date --help
답은 항상 help 안에 있습니다.
* 아래는 위 캡쳐된 내용과 동일합니다. 검색시 활용하세요.
% date --help Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] or: date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not 'now' -f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE -I[TIMESPEC], --iso-8601[=TIMESPEC] output date/time in ISO 8601 format. TIMESPEC='date' for date only (the default), 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date and time to the indicated precision. -r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE -R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format. Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600 --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format. TIMESPEC='date', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date and time to the indicated precision. Date and time components are separated by a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00 -s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING -u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are: %% a literal % %a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun) %A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday) %b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan) %B locale's full month name (e.g., January) %c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005) %C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20) %d day of month (e.g., 01) %D date; same as %m/%d/%y %e day of month, space padded; same as %_d %F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d %g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G) %G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V %h same as %b %H hour (00..23) %I hour (01..12) %j day of year (001..366) %k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H %l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I %m month (01..12) %M minute (00..59) %n a newline %N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999) %p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known %P like %p, but lower case %r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM) %R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M %s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC %S second (00..60) %t a tab %T time; same as %H:%M:%S %u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday %U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53) %V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53) %w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday %W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53) %x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99) %X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48) %y last two digits of year (00..99) %Y year %z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400) %:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00) %::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00) %:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30) %Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT) By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes. The following optional flags may follow '%': - (hyphen) do not pad the field _ (underscore) pad with spaces 0 (zero) pad with zeros ^ use upper case if possible # use opposite case if possible After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number; then an optional modifier, which is either E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available. Examples: Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date $ date --date='@2147483647' Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ) $ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US $ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri' |
GNU coreutils online help: http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
Report date translation bugs to http://translationproject.org/team/
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'date invocation'
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